spine apparatus造句

• The structures of spine apparatuses differ depending on their elaboration and position in the spine.
• Atrophied spine apparatuses were observed in these animals, as well as in anesthetized animals.
• The shape of the spine apparatus differs depending upon which spine type it is associated with.
• The spine apparatus structure allows for dynamic changes in the surface area of the spine plasma membrane.
• Alterations to the morphology of the spine apparatus have also been observed in rats exposed to chronic levels of ethanol.
• Consisting of continuous parallel flattened cisternae, the spine apparatus has a large surface area which is beneficial for its function.
• Synaptopodin, a protein that binds actin and ?-actinin-2, is closely associated with the spine apparatus.
• These findings have led some to the conclusion that the spine apparatus is implicated in plasticity only because this organelle is associated with SP.
• Benefits of the large surface area of the spine apparatus include increased electronic properties of the spine and contribution to longitudinal resistance of the cytoplasm.
• Therefore, the spine apparatus can have a direct effect on the membrane potential of the spine plasma membrane by variation in position and volume.
• The spine apparatus consists of membranous saccules and tubules along with wispy filamentous material and is usually associated with a large mushroom-shaped dendritic spine.
• The morphology of the spine apparatus is highly indicative of and similar to the morphology and structure of the smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of the dendrite.
• Also, the similarity between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the spine apparatus suggests that the spine apparatus could function as a reservoir for calcium ions.
• Also, the similarity between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the spine apparatus suggests that the spine apparatus could function as a reservoir for calcium ions.
• The appearance of molecular markers for satellite secretory pathways provides further evidence that the spine apparatus plays a role in local integral membrane protein translocation and processing.
• The spine apparatus occupies a large portion of the volume of the spine stalk, which allows it to contribute significantly to the longitudinal resistance of the cytoplasm.
• Blocking IP3-mediated Ca 2 + release blocked synaptic depression, indicating a causal role of the spine apparatus in the induction of mGluR-dependent LTD.
• Much has yet to be discovered about the role of the spine apparatus in brain disease; the specific effects of changes in SA morphology remain a topic of study.
• More specifically, the protein translocation site marker ( Sec61? ) and the Golgi cisternae markers ( giantin and ?-mannosidase II ) have been observed in the spine apparatus.
• The exact mechanisms involved in the size reduction and atrophy of the spine apparatus are unknown, but it is thought that these mechanisms may contribute to changes in LTP and behavior.